The Medial Saphenous Fasciocutaneous Free Flap in Dogs     

DANIEL A. DEGNER DVM    RICHARD WALSHAW BVMS  Diplomate ACVS    OTTO LANZ DVM    DIANA ROSENSTEIN DVM  RICK J. SMITH MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(2):105-113

The purpose of this study was to identify the angiosome of the medial saphenous artery and vein and to evaluate the use of this cutaneous angiosome as a free skin flap in the dog. In phase 1 of this study, selective angiography of the medial saphenous artery performed in six canine cadavers showed that the skin covering the entire medial femorotibial area, the distal half of the caudal head of the sartorius muscle, and the gracilis muscle were perfused by the medial saphenous artery. In phase 2, a medial saphenous fasciocutaneous island flap was raised and sutured back to the skin edges of the donor wound in three dogs. One hundred percent survival of all of the flaps occurred. In phase 3, a medial saphenous fasciocutaneous microvascular free flap was transferred to a wound that was created over the dorsal metacarpal (n = 3) or metatarsal region (n = 3). The mean length ± SD of the medial saphenous vascular pedicle was 80 ± 13 mm (n = 5); the mean diameter ± SD of the medial saphenous artery was 2.8 ± 0.2 mm (n = 5) and the mean diameter ± SD of the medial saphenous vein was 4.2 ± 0.2 mm (n = 5). One hundred percent of all flaps survived (n = 6). Selective angiography of the distal cranial tibial artery (metatarsal wounds, n = 3) and the median artery (metacarpal wound, n = 3) was performed 3 weeks after surgery. All of the vascular anastomoses were patent and neovascularization of the wound beds was present. This free flap was found to be acceptable for cosmetic reconstruction of wounds located on the distal extremity.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Dirofilaria immitis infections in cats from a human shelter     

M D Willard  R E Roberts  N Allison  R B Grieve  K Escher 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,192(7):913-916

During a 6-month period, 108 sexually mature stray cats were euthanatized at a humane shelter in Alabama. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus was identified in 20 of the cats (18.5%) by Baermann fecal examination, necropsy, or histologic examination. The Baermann fecal examination was a more sensitive test for aelurostrongylosis than was necropsy or histologic examination. Thoracic radiography was useful in identifying infected cats, but was a less sensitive and more nonspecific method of detection than was the fecal examination. Changes in CBC and serum protein concentrations were not helpful identifying cats with aelurostrongylosis. Six of 17 (35%) heartworm-free, lungworm-infected cats had antibodies to Dirofilaria immitis, as determined by an ELISA method, but none had circulating D immitis antigen, as determined by an ELISA method. Three (2.8%) cats had D immitis. Two of the heartworm-infected cats had no detectable antemortem radiographic or clinicopathologic evidence of the infection. Results of ELISA were positive for antibodies to adult heartworms in 2 cats and for circulating heartworm antigen in 2 cats. One cat that had only one heartworm had no detectable circulating heartworm antigen.  相似文献   

Disorders of potassium homeostasis     

M D Willard 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1989,19(2):241-263

Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common problems that may be artifactual, iatrogenic, or due to altered body homeostatic mechanisms. ECG may help one to recognize hyperkalemia but not hypokalemia. Excessive K supplementation is a common iatrogenic cause of hyperkalemia whereas fluid therapy is a common cause of iatrogenic hypokalemia. The most common causes of spontaneous hyperkalemia are renal failure and hypoadrenocorticism whereas the most common causes of spontaneous hypokalemia are vomiting, diarrhea, and renal wasting. Symptomatic therapy is usually done until the underlying cause(s) is resolved.  相似文献   

Effects of Growth Factors and L-Arginine on Ischemic Skin Flaps in Rats     

CHARLES M. WALLS DVM    CLARE R. GREGORY DVM  Diplomate ACVS    L. STEVEN BECK DVM    JOHN P. COOKE MD  PhD    STEPHEN M. GRIFFEY DVM  PHIL H. KASS DVM  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(6):484-491

This study determined the effect of the polypeptide growth factors transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and growth hormone (GH) alone and in combination with dietary L-Arginine HCL (ARG) on skin flap survival in rats. Caudally based dorsal skin flaps were created in 110 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned into three treatment groups, based on drinking water supplementation. Group 1 (n = 50) received ARG in their drinking water, group 2 (n = 50) received tap water alone, and group 3 (n = 10) received N-omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) and hydralazine. Groups 1 and 2 were divided into subgroups of 10 rats each based on treatment with either: TGF-β, IGF-I, GH, or IGF-I + GH. All subgroups that received GH had significantly greater ( P <.0001) median body weight gains when compared with subgroups not receiving GH. L-arginine HCL when added to IGF-I negated the positive effects of IGF-I on both flap survival and weight gain. Although the rats in all subgroups from groups 1 and 2 had an increase in mean percent skin flap survival when compared with the water alone subgroup, only rats receiving IGF-I, or the combination of ARG with either TGF-β or GH, had statistically significant enhanced skin flap survival. Rats in group 3 did not show an increase in skin flap survival when compared with the control subgroup.  相似文献   

RADIOGRAPHS PRESENTED AS PART OF THE 1995 A.C.V.R. ORAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION SMALL ANIMAL ELECTIVE SECTION     

Michael  Walker  DVM†  Michael  Willard  DVM†  Gary  Norsworthy  DVM†† 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(6):506-508

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Science Reporting     

Willard B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,132(3422):306-307

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AN UNUSUAL OUTBREAK OF CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (SCABBY MOUTH) IN SHEEP     

M.R. Gardiner  B.Sc.  V.MD.  J. Craig  M.R.C.V.S. M.E. Nairn  B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1967,43(5):163-165

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Determination of accuracy of a digitally displaying equine heart rate meter     

Jonathan H. Foreman DVM  MS  Douglas Rabin MD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1984,4(4):161-163

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Normal immune function of the gastrointestinal tract.     

M D Willard 《Seminars in veterinary medicine and surgery (small animal)》1992,7(2):107-111

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Evaluation of Direct In Vivo Gene Transfer in an Equine Metacarpal IV Ostectomy Model Using an Adenoviral Vector Encoding the Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 and Protein‐7 Gene     

Christopher E. Kawcak DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Chisa Hidaka MD  C. Wayne Mcilwraith BVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Natasha Werpy DVM  Diplomate ACVR  Jennifer Macleay DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM  David D. Frisbie DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(3):345-354

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